Preliminary research.
Horror teaser trailer codes and conventions.
•Teaser trailers in general are very short; they range from approximately 1-2 minutes in
order to not give too much away in terms of both plot and the personalities of
characters involved. Horror trailers in particular follow a very diverse and
specific collection of codes and conventions, for example:
•Frequent use of dark lighting to create suspense and heighten the atmosphere of tension, as a result of providing scene lighting that makes the viewer unaware of what it covers. Dark lighting is used in order to represent the genre as unpredictable and startling which is what a horror film`s target audience will be expecting when viewing a horror film.
•Use of climatic scenes with the sole purpose to scare the viewer.
•Tension building music that is often fast pased and sharp that links to the unpredictability of a horror films narrative. It is another feature that is expected by a films target audience, as in order for them to be completely shocked and thrilled the music choice needs to mirror the mood of the film.
•The colour pallet generally associated is that of red and black in order to symbolize darkness, the unknown, gore and violence, blood and death all of which are associated with the features of many horror films. The colours are aimed at attracting the films target audience who of which are horror fans who will immiedietly recognise these colours in relation to the representation of the genre.
•Feature of non-diegetic sound that often includes tension builidng music and sound effects that occur when the horror element of the film is exposed or uncovered. In terms of diegetic sound, stereotypically the use of screams and shrieks among dialogue is usually considered the main feature which is something instantly expected by the target audience who as fans of the horror genre will be very familiar with its usage amongst previous horror films. Furthermore voice overs are also a main feature of trailers usually from the main character who is in peril and the victim of the horror element (character/poltergiest etc).
•The trailer often ends on a cliff-hanger with the viewer wanting to know what
happens next or generally wanting to know more about the film.
In terms of the ending of horror films they are usually resolved in terms of the present storylines and any sequels are usually unrealated to the original events. However "Saw" is an exception as this is a longer running storyline with a total of 6 sequels that is very unconventional in terms of the indepth and continious storyline.
•Teaser trailers in general are very short; they range from approximately 1-2 minutes in
order to not give too much away in terms of both plot and the personalities of
characters involved. Horror trailers in particular follow a very diverse and
specific collection of codes and conventions, for example:
•Frequent use of dark lighting to create suspense and heighten the atmosphere of tension, as a result of providing scene lighting that makes the viewer unaware of what it covers. Dark lighting is used in order to represent the genre as unpredictable and startling which is what a horror film`s target audience will be expecting when viewing a horror film.
•Use of climatic scenes with the sole purpose to scare the viewer.
•Tension building music that is often fast pased and sharp that links to the unpredictability of a horror films narrative. It is another feature that is expected by a films target audience, as in order for them to be completely shocked and thrilled the music choice needs to mirror the mood of the film.
•The colour pallet generally associated is that of red and black in order to symbolize darkness, the unknown, gore and violence, blood and death all of which are associated with the features of many horror films. The colours are aimed at attracting the films target audience who of which are horror fans who will immiedietly recognise these colours in relation to the representation of the genre.
•Feature of non-diegetic sound that often includes tension builidng music and sound effects that occur when the horror element of the film is exposed or uncovered. In terms of diegetic sound, stereotypically the use of screams and shrieks among dialogue is usually considered the main feature which is something instantly expected by the target audience who as fans of the horror genre will be very familiar with its usage amongst previous horror films. Furthermore voice overs are also a main feature of trailers usually from the main character who is in peril and the victim of the horror element (character/poltergiest etc).
•The trailer often ends on a cliff-hanger with the viewer wanting to know what
happens next or generally wanting to know more about the film.
In terms of the ending of horror films they are usually resolved in terms of the present storylines and any sequels are usually unrealated to the original events. However "Saw" is an exception as this is a longer running storyline with a total of 6 sequels that is very unconventional in terms of the indepth and continious storyline.
Terminology:
Antagonist: The villain who attempts to harm the protagonist or prevent him/her from achieving their aim.
Protagonist: The main character who is often opposed by the antagonist.
Non-diegetic: Artificial sound added in after the footage has been shot (e.g. special effects)
Diegetic sound: Sound that is filmed on screen and is not edited in for example characters dialouge.
Climax: Usually the hieght of suspense that occurs at the end of a horror trailer.
Stereotype: Conforming to common character and genre representations.
Connoatations: What an object or place symbolizes, for example red connotating blood.
Target audience: Who the film is being specifically aimed at.
Gore- Heavy usage of blood and violence.
Supernatural: Referring to ghosts and spirits that have power beyond our comprehension and are often the unique selling point of many contemporary horror films
Unique selling point: An aspect of a film that is most likely to persuade viewers to see the movie in light of their curiousity regarding its uniqueness.
Antagonist: The villain who attempts to harm the protagonist or prevent him/her from achieving their aim.
Protagonist: The main character who is often opposed by the antagonist.
Non-diegetic: Artificial sound added in after the footage has been shot (e.g. special effects)
Diegetic sound: Sound that is filmed on screen and is not edited in for example characters dialouge.
Climax: Usually the hieght of suspense that occurs at the end of a horror trailer.
Stereotype: Conforming to common character and genre representations.
Connoatations: What an object or place symbolizes, for example red connotating blood.
Target audience: Who the film is being specifically aimed at.
Gore- Heavy usage of blood and violence.
Supernatural: Referring to ghosts and spirits that have power beyond our comprehension and are often the unique selling point of many contemporary horror films
Unique selling point: An aspect of a film that is most likely to persuade viewers to see the movie in light of their curiousity regarding its uniqueness.
Example one- Dead Snow.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ap4TiNIKQJ8&safe=active
Deadsnow is a horror/comedy film released in 2009 that breaks many of the typical horror codes and conventions in terms of its comical element, while still dedicating itself to the more mandatory codes and conventions in terms of its more major aspect, horror. It is a multi-generic film that breaks the stereotypical codes and conventions of horror in terms of dedicating itself to just one genre. In terms of our production we are planning to do the same by creating a multi-generic film with aspects of both the horror and crime genre.
"Dead Snow".
The trailer commences with details of the film`s production, in this case informing
the audience as to who is presenting the film. In this particular movie it is Harald Zwart and more importantly who the film has been created by. This gives the audience an insight into the films production history and some viewers may end up criticising or even praising the film at this point based on their preliminary views of the production/creation cast. This is typical of any horror teaser trailer or any teaser trailer for that matter as without this opening sequence the audience would be alienated from important aspects of the productions history. The opening of a trailer also foregrounds the writer and director of the movie, which is likely to alert cult followings of the director or even the star of the movie. For example fans of Robert Englund who starred as Freddie Krugger in "Friday the 13th" may be loyal to his work and will watch movies based on his contribution alone.
the audience as to who is presenting the film. In this particular movie it is Harald Zwart and more importantly who the film has been created by. This gives the audience an insight into the films production history and some viewers may end up criticising or even praising the film at this point based on their preliminary views of the production/creation cast. This is typical of any horror teaser trailer or any teaser trailer for that matter as without this opening sequence the audience would be alienated from important aspects of the productions history. The opening of a trailer also foregrounds the writer and director of the movie, which is likely to alert cult followings of the director or even the star of the movie. For example fans of Robert Englund who starred as Freddie Krugger in "Friday the 13th" may be loyal to his work and will watch movies based on his contribution alone.
"Dead Snow".
The background of black tie into the typical representation of the horror genre in terms of highlighting the darkness and mystery behind it. The font and style of the text is slightly red as to promote the idea of bloodshed and violence which one of the film`s key horror elements which is what the target audience of the film will come to expect in terms of the representation of the genre. In terms of sound the trailer starts without any soundtrack. There is a dead silence that leads us to the unexpected snowmobile that appears. This slight shock immiedietly ensures the target audience that is very much a horror film by instantly attempting the frighten the viewer just a few seconds into the trailer.
"Dead Snow".
Here the codes and conventions of a horror trailer are followed once more as the audience is immediately introduced to the main characters of the movie via a wide shot/master shot as character development is introduced that cuts back and fourth between the group and the old man who informs them of the location. The characters themselves conform to sterotypes in terms of the horror/zombie genre. One character stands as the one who leads the group and is the most fearless while another character conforms to the typical stereotype of the character who is ignorant to the zombies belief. They are depicted this way in order to establish a balance between characters and their attitudes to the zombies which results in how and when they are killed. Similarly to the opening
sequence the audience is given the opportunity to identify any well known actors that are to feature in the production. To a U.K audience however this wont be relevant due to the movies origins being Norwegian, but to a Norwegian audience
however it is much more relevant and important. What also can been seen here is an immediate and typical use of dark lighting representing the unknown and unpredictable. Dark lighting being used inside is a sign that the dangers these characters await is inescapable and follows them into what they feel is a safe environment. There is a weary, slow paced tone used in this segment that helps establish a very foreboding atmosphere that is typical in terms of the genre`s representation as it often serves as a build up to the more fast paced tone that occurs when the horror element is revealed.
sequence the audience is given the opportunity to identify any well known actors that are to feature in the production. To a U.K audience however this wont be relevant due to the movies origins being Norwegian, but to a Norwegian audience
however it is much more relevant and important. What also can been seen here is an immediate and typical use of dark lighting representing the unknown and unpredictable. Dark lighting being used inside is a sign that the dangers these characters await is inescapable and follows them into what they feel is a safe environment. There is a weary, slow paced tone used in this segment that helps establish a very foreboding atmosphere that is typical in terms of the genre`s representation as it often serves as a build up to the more fast paced tone that occurs when the horror element is revealed.
"Dead Snow".
Like all movie trailers we are given a brief insight into the films narrative. Which in this case is a group of young people arriving at an unsuspecting former Nazi occupied area, of which they stumble across haunted Nazi treasure. Using special effects in the abnormal light that ascends from the box automatically foregrounds a suspected supernatural feature. Although using older footage from Nazi Germany itself, it adds a realistic element to an unimaginable story provoking the true
horror that an incident like this could possibly happen. The plots insight is brief in order to not give too many details away and being left with a lack of knowledge of the plot and enjoying the film trailer,as this will be a key factor in luring the viewer into either cinema ticket or DVD purchase. In terms of sound the use of a weary slow paced tone continues combined with the voice over narration of the older man. The shots used vary from long shots of the ships and close up of the Nazi`s in a steady shot as they are mixed together in a black and white style that is reminiscent of the history being discussed. This helps reinforce the conventions of the genre as in most cases the narrative is a result of a discovery, for example in "Texas Chainsaw Massacre" when the house is found and "Friday the 13th" when Crystal Lake is uncovered. By using this style of documentary styled footage it appeals to this idea of the narrative origins that relate to the representation of the genre, which often appears very real in order to frighten the viewers by convincing them in a subtle manner that all of this could be possible.
horror that an incident like this could possibly happen. The plots insight is brief in order to not give too many details away and being left with a lack of knowledge of the plot and enjoying the film trailer,as this will be a key factor in luring the viewer into either cinema ticket or DVD purchase. In terms of sound the use of a weary slow paced tone continues combined with the voice over narration of the older man. The shots used vary from long shots of the ships and close up of the Nazi`s in a steady shot as they are mixed together in a black and white style that is reminiscent of the history being discussed. This helps reinforce the conventions of the genre as in most cases the narrative is a result of a discovery, for example in "Texas Chainsaw Massacre" when the house is found and "Friday the 13th" when Crystal Lake is uncovered. By using this style of documentary styled footage it appeals to this idea of the narrative origins that relate to the representation of the genre, which often appears very real in order to frighten the viewers by convincing them in a subtle manner that all of this could be possible.
"Dead Snow".
Dead snows trailer in terms of colour scheme adopts a stereotypical horror one, namely red and black. The trailer as shown shows dark scenes expressing the fear of the unknown that lies within the darkness, however few are shown due to the type of horror that Dead Snow falls into. Although due to its title and setting a lot of white is used in terms of the snow which also allows the blood and gore to stand a lot more in comparison to concrete or grass. The white of the snow also acts as a counterpart to the red of the blood thereby foregrounding the trauma that is befalling the victims. This directly relates to the film's title which is appropriate due to the blood and gore (connotations of death) that covers the large snow based area.
"Dead Snow".
Dead Snow is very much a slasher/gore based horror movie so throughout the majority of the film it will primarily intend to shock its viewers by the excess amount of blood and body parts as indicated by segments of the trailer that in this case are emphasised by the close up shot, allowing the viewer to see the expression of pain and emotion in a time of danger. The Mise-en-scene of this shot consists of a stereotypical horror image of a forest in darkness (night time) with the character observing it suffering from a fear of what lies inside it, as it conforms to the stereotypical expectations of the horror genre. The shot is composed using a shaky/handheld camera shot which emphasises the idea of chaos and unpredictability that emerges later on. Even though this character
seems to have been ruthlessly attacked his well being is left on a cliff-hanger in order to once again allow the viewer to discover this in watching the whole feature length film, fulfilling the movie trailers success and purpose. The sound itself for this segment is silent prompting the viewer and the target audience in particular to expect a moment of shock or horror to follow.
seems to have been ruthlessly attacked his well being is left on a cliff-hanger in order to once again allow the viewer to discover this in watching the whole feature length film, fulfilling the movie trailers success and purpose. The sound itself for this segment is silent prompting the viewer and the target audience in particular to expect a moment of shock or horror to follow.
"Dead Snow".
Here we see the first glimpse of the movie's villain, although when we do the encounter is certainly atmospheric as the villain engages in a slow motion edited tense walk across the screen, as theviewer at this point will be curious and provoked by his deadly stature. The mid shot used here allows a detailed look as the individual`s tatty but significant costume design. With a costume that links to the film's attempt to provide some historical background regarding the Nazi party, his Nazi general`s outfit adds to this element. The iconography relates directly to elements of the war uniform while the physical state of the costume links directly to the twist on the war genre by
incorporating both and creating a Nazi zombie. the make up adds to the supernatural element of which in this case is that the Nazis are in fact zombies, indicated by the pale skin, blood covered mouth and nose, and cut eye. This villain doesn't conform to a stereotype, as firstly he appears to have no signature weapon in contrast to "Jason" or "Leatherface" and he is given no back story he is simply just there and in no way helps shape the narrative.
A considerable amount of this character`s designs suggests it is not a stereotypical representation of a zombie. Usually a zombie`s movement is rather slow and stiff as in "Land of the Dead" whereas this characters is rather swift and collected. Even more his make up goes further than simply a blood stained mouth, as it incorporates other make up techniques that make him look more rotten than bloodthirsty. However this character does conform to the stereotype of a zombie in the sense that he eats flesh. This is something that the director will not need to inform his target audience of as due to their status as horror fans, it is expected that they will be familiar with the function of a zombie which is usually eating human flesh.
Due to the bright background of snow and darkened appearance of this zombie general, no major lighting is used as clearly he already stands out as the central focus of the shot as to draw immediate attention to his presence. Along with the slow motion editing sound effects are used that consist of heavy breathing and footsteps in order to dramatise the villain`s presence which is clearly of importance. The presence of
this uniquely styled villain can be seen as the film's unique selling point in terms of presenting a fascinating character that the audience knows little about, much like the unique selling points of "Friday the 13th" and "Scream" in terms of their unique and memorable characters.
incorporating both and creating a Nazi zombie. the make up adds to the supernatural element of which in this case is that the Nazis are in fact zombies, indicated by the pale skin, blood covered mouth and nose, and cut eye. This villain doesn't conform to a stereotype, as firstly he appears to have no signature weapon in contrast to "Jason" or "Leatherface" and he is given no back story he is simply just there and in no way helps shape the narrative.
A considerable amount of this character`s designs suggests it is not a stereotypical representation of a zombie. Usually a zombie`s movement is rather slow and stiff as in "Land of the Dead" whereas this characters is rather swift and collected. Even more his make up goes further than simply a blood stained mouth, as it incorporates other make up techniques that make him look more rotten than bloodthirsty. However this character does conform to the stereotype of a zombie in the sense that he eats flesh. This is something that the director will not need to inform his target audience of as due to their status as horror fans, it is expected that they will be familiar with the function of a zombie which is usually eating human flesh.
Due to the bright background of snow and darkened appearance of this zombie general, no major lighting is used as clearly he already stands out as the central focus of the shot as to draw immediate attention to his presence. Along with the slow motion editing sound effects are used that consist of heavy breathing and footsteps in order to dramatise the villain`s presence which is clearly of importance. The presence of
this uniquely styled villain can be seen as the film's unique selling point in terms of presenting a fascinating character that the audience knows little about, much like the unique selling points of "Friday the 13th" and "Scream" in terms of their unique and memorable characters.
"Dead Snow".
The trailer ends by combining 3 important concluding elements, the first being the title of the film that has been previously unmentioned leaving this towards the end allows viewers to remember and digest this information a lot easier so they can research the movie further. However no release date
is revealed which assists in building up anticipation for its arrival further exciting the viewers who were impressed with the trailer. Finally the viewer is then given more detailed credits in the closing screen. These include the film's official website, a list of the actors, director and other contributors to the film as well as the production company and producers. Logos are also presented at the end of the trailer that represent institutions who are presenting or helped develop the film for example "Euforia" and "Film Camp". No specific censorship rating is revealed, however in relation the target audience they are very likely to predict this film to be an 18 plus due to the excessive gore and
violence in the trailer alone prior to the official rating that is released alongside the release date.
is revealed which assists in building up anticipation for its arrival further exciting the viewers who were impressed with the trailer. Finally the viewer is then given more detailed credits in the closing screen. These include the film's official website, a list of the actors, director and other contributors to the film as well as the production company and producers. Logos are also presented at the end of the trailer that represent institutions who are presenting or helped develop the film for example "Euforia" and "Film Camp". No specific censorship rating is revealed, however in relation the target audience they are very likely to predict this film to be an 18 plus due to the excessive gore and
violence in the trailer alone prior to the official rating that is released alongside the release date.
"Dead Snow" sound.
Throughout the majority of the film trailer the sound is dominated by dialogue. However the film adapts a heavy rock style theme song at the beginning of the trailer which is cut immediately as tension begins to sink in. This is something the target audience will expect to hear, as it represents the chaotic events that occur during horror movies and complements the representation of these characters are daring and adventurous. This dramatic halt to the music identifies the sudden change in attitude towards the plot as it is clear the cast of characters wont be enjoying a simple snow scooting trip but instead a battle to survive a horde of the Nazi un-dead. The more significant soundtrack used is a speed edited version of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy“.The upbeat yet classical track helps keep the pace of the action on screen at the time as the violence sets in and is heavily emphasised. Although the strange use of such a cult like musical piece highlights its non-conformity to the expected codes and conventions of horror music as well as the the comedy factor In the film, as the unlikely pairing of the 2 tend to allow the viewer to view the violence more lightly without concern of the characters in danger.
Example two- "The Texas Chainsaw Massacre" 1974.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vs3981DoINw&safe=active
Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a production piece that’s narrative revolves around an isolated horror house which stands as a hunting ground for masked deranged lunatic, Leatherface. The film is said to have been based on a collection of real life events. The appeal of this is that the horror aspect of the film becomes far more frightening in light of its actual occurrence. The target audience of this film in terms of its current status would be aimed at avid horror fans who are particularly interested in the horror films that helped shaped the contemporary ones.
Texas Chainsaw Massacre is a production piece that’s narrative revolves around an isolated horror house which stands as a hunting ground for masked deranged lunatic, Leatherface. The film is said to have been based on a collection of real life events. The appeal of this is that the horror aspect of the film becomes far more frightening in light of its actual occurrence. The target audience of this film in terms of its current status would be aimed at avid horror fans who are particularly interested in the horror films that helped shaped the contemporary ones.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
Unlike the typical modern day horror trailer, the Texas Chainsaw Massacre does not follow the typical codes and conventions by not including the name of the production until the trailer is concluded. Instead it immediately places it at the beginning of the trailer combined with a voice over narrative stating “what happened was true”. This early indication of the film possibly being based on real life events will draw the viewers more immediately than other fictional horror trailers would due to the true fear of this movie being that it is horrifically realistic. The voice over`s tone is very dreary and lacks charisma at a slow pace and adds to the audiences pessimistic expectation of the events
covered in the horror genre. He often pauses between scenes where the antagonist is involved in order to allow moments of reflection and not overload the viewers with dense information. The lighting is toned in a similar to a sepia effect creating a grim and artificial appearance that is reflective of the villain`s murderous style and complements his sadistic nature.
covered in the horror genre. He often pauses between scenes where the antagonist is involved in order to allow moments of reflection and not overload the viewers with dense information. The lighting is toned in a similar to a sepia effect creating a grim and artificial appearance that is reflective of the villain`s murderous style and complements his sadistic nature.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
Once again the film does not attempt to follow the typical codes and conventions of a horror trailer by instantly showing the main aspect of horror in this movie, Leatherface. Displaying a medium shot the viewer is subject to seeing a lot of Leatherface at this point and Is most likely to be confused by his costume design. Wearing an apron, smart shirt and tie this clothes are typical of that of a typical modern man with the items typically being found in the domestic home. This design however can be used to assure the viewers that Leatherface is not a work of the supernatural, but instead a crazed killer more insane and sadistic than fictional. The most significant piece of costume design however is the mask. Its poor craftsmanship and lack of quality alone insinuates that Leatherface is a mass killer with a lack of care for his appearance (including his dirty shirt and apron) and mercy for this victims. The violent encounters however do match expectations of the genre as they are quick and
sharp and very spontaneous. Other segments of violence include a tense chase and gore which conforms to the target audiences expectation of heavy gore and bloodshed. The encounters represent "Leatherface" as a quick and ruthless individual due to the speed of the encounters and how he physically manhandles his victims. The setting itself is very sadistic, an unfurnished house filled with human corpses and trap doors which ties in with the bizarre and horrid locations associated with many horror films.
sharp and very spontaneous. Other segments of violence include a tense chase and gore which conforms to the target audiences expectation of heavy gore and bloodshed. The encounters represent "Leatherface" as a quick and ruthless individual due to the speed of the encounters and how he physically manhandles his victims. The setting itself is very sadistic, an unfurnished house filled with human corpses and trap doors which ties in with the bizarre and horrid locations associated with many horror films.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
As well as being introduced to the main villain the viewer is also introduced to the main character. Although typically it does attempt to develop the character at all and nor should it, but what also strangely lacks is any plot engagement at this point. The viewer is oblivious to any simple plot ideas this film engages with and instead focuses on an unconnected series of violent encounters between the female protagonist and Leatherface.
A lot of props in this scene once again point towards the symbolism of death mainly the vast amount of what seems to be human bones. Being a typical horror prop the bones are present in this scene throughout and are vital in creating the horror and death present atmosphere in the trailer. A slow pan is also used here from the perspective of the young woman which allows the viewer to see the wide extent of terror and evil that is present in the room from a personal perspective. This allows the viewer to feel like they are also there and further emphasise the feeling of terror in terms of seeing it first hand.
A lot of props in this scene once again point towards the symbolism of death mainly the vast amount of what seems to be human bones. Being a typical horror prop the bones are present in this scene throughout and are vital in creating the horror and death present atmosphere in the trailer. A slow pan is also used here from the perspective of the young woman which allows the viewer to see the wide extent of terror and evil that is present in the room from a personal perspective. This allows the viewer to feel like they are also there and further emphasise the feeling of terror in terms of seeing it first hand.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
Once again Leatherface appears again in an identical position to a previous shot. This trailer is not one that follows the codes of conventions as a reoccurring shot of the villain decreases the tension within the trailer as the viewer seems to know too much already at this point about the horror aspect of the film leaving little left to discover in the actual film except gaps in the presumed plot. By this point the sound in the trailer is nothing more than screams shrieks and emotional dialogue from the female protagonist as music at this point of the trailer is absent. The lack of plot in the trailer
suggests that the target audience are not expected to be very intellectual and that the gore and horror of the film will primarily appeal to them rather than an intriguing storyline.
suggests that the target audience are not expected to be very intellectual and that the gore and horror of the film will primarily appeal to them rather than an intriguing storyline.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
The trailer constantly highlights its link to the real events that inspired the film. The trailer incorporates a selection of flashing extreme close ups that are used to identify segments of corpses. These shots portray a typical crime scene photograph which further adds to the element of horror due to the realistic factor that is added alongside the voice over narration.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
As well as this the use of makeup is significant in recognising the fear we can see in the victims facial expressions. Here for example the use of black makeup around the eyes on an extremely pale face shown via a close up shot shows the extent of horror and shock the victims endure. It is a horror so disturbing that it leaves the victims physically scared and mentally distraught. In terms of the Mise-en-scene her position at this point is similar to that of a coffin, as this further symbolises the reoccurring theme of death that is constantly emphasised to the viewer.
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre".
Here for the first time in the trailer the main prop that links this film with its title is revealed, the chainsaw. Being revealed so late in the trailer and hardly emphasised once more points to this film trailer straying away from the typical codes and conventions of a horror trailer as more modern trailers like Scream highlight the knife at several points throughout. As well as identifying the key prop for the first time we are also introduced to horror essential dark lighting. Used to express the fear of the unknown it is pushed further due to the outdoor environment where a lack of shelter and safety comforts the victim as indicated by yet another appearance from the now familiarised Leatherface.
Texas Chainsaw Massacre.
Although the production title had been featured at the beginning of the trailer it is included for a 2nd time in its conclusion. However unlike more modern horror trailer endings not as much detail is given to the films creation as only the film creator and production company are shown actors and producers for example are absent. What also comes at the end of the trailer is a cliff-hanger chase between Leatherface and his victim although the lack of tension packed music creates a lack of
tension curiosity is instead a focus point as the viewer wonders whether she will be caught and become one of many victims. The end of the trailer also states the production company, "Bryanston Pictures", the only major production company involved with the creation of the film. It also states the director, Tobe Hooper which can influence dedicated followers of his work to view the film on this information alone. Due to the films release in the 1970s certificate ratings were not common in terms of their presence on trailers, as this is left to be assumed as an R rated movie (today meaning 18 years+).
tension curiosity is instead a focus point as the viewer wonders whether she will be caught and become one of many victims. The end of the trailer also states the production company, "Bryanston Pictures", the only major production company involved with the creation of the film. It also states the director, Tobe Hooper which can influence dedicated followers of his work to view the film on this information alone. Due to the films release in the 1970s certificate ratings were not common in terms of their presence on trailers, as this is left to be assumed as an R rated movie (today meaning 18 years+).
"Texas Chainsaw Massacre"- Sound.
With a consistent flow of tension building music absent, the majority of the film trailers sound is dedicated to dialogue. The main dialogue primarily used is the addition of voice over narration of which acts as an informer to the audience who expresses the amount of horror digested within the movie. Furthermore the narrations tone is dreary and unenthusiastic and complements the negative things associated with horror e.g. death and violence. Even more so the anonymous` narrators emphasis on words such as "Frightening" emphasises this further. More importantly he expresses a true horror factor within this trailer which is of course that it is based on real events. Opening with “what happened
was true” and later on claiming it was based on “the most bizarre and brutal crimes in America” are key examples of this majorly opinionated narration. The other dominating factor in terms of sound is the excess screams let loose by characters within the trailer. There is a mix of both male and female characters in the trailer and they act in a stereotypical fashion. They venture where they shouldn't run in the wrong direction and constantly scream. We never actually hear many characters talk in the trailer, but when they do it is done with a matter of great urgency as the constant shrieks of fear are essential in expressing the fear that Leatherface`s presence and actions create.
was true” and later on claiming it was based on “the most bizarre and brutal crimes in America” are key examples of this majorly opinionated narration. The other dominating factor in terms of sound is the excess screams let loose by characters within the trailer. There is a mix of both male and female characters in the trailer and they act in a stereotypical fashion. They venture where they shouldn't run in the wrong direction and constantly scream. We never actually hear many characters talk in the trailer, but when they do it is done with a matter of great urgency as the constant shrieks of fear are essential in expressing the fear that Leatherface`s presence and actions create.
Example Three- "Scream"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UTWf9QGdJCQ&safe=active
•Scream is a horror film that is primarily set in a typical domestic home as a masked man hunts down avid fans of the horror genre. The film has spawned 3 sequels since its initial release.
•Scream is a horror film that is primarily set in a typical domestic home as a masked man hunts down avid fans of the horror genre. The film has spawned 3 sequels since its initial release.
"Scream".
The trailer begins with a long shot view of the house in which the majority of the film will be based in or around. This gives the viewers a feel of what area the film will be based around and immiedietly creates a stereotypical image of horror in terms of being set at night time in darkness. This inclusion of the domestic home adds an iconic elements that usually dominates many clichéd horror productions. Considering this will be where the majority of viewers reside, the psychological feeling of expected danger when they return home is caused by the horror Scream creates within its chosen location.
"Scream".
The moving swing early on in the trailer indicates unwelcoming movement outside which is also an immediate indication of intrusion relating directly to the representation of the horror genre, as it assists in kick starting the trailer. In terms of this piece of non-diegetic sound it is very discordant, as this reinforces elements of the supernatural that is reflective of the elements of the horror genre and the killer`s spotaneous appearances. The quick switch to a close up of this unnamed character inside the house indicates the immediate victim who is likely to speaking to an unknown phenomenon on the phone who is more than likely to be the killer. This prop in terms of mise-en-scene
complements the narrative in terms of how the killer reaches his victims.
complements the narrative in terms of how the killer reaches his victims.
"Scream".
Although it is brief this part of the trailer gives the viewer a quick look at the killer. This brief presentation of the killer is essential in terms of not giving too much away in order to leave the viewer oblivious in terms of the horror element and villain. However this is isn't a consistent factor as in other parts in the trailer the killers full figure is seen chasing after its victim's. In terms of iconography, the mask is a key part of the villains persona in Scream as this indication of a lack of identity adds to the crime element in the film in terms of uncovering who the killer could be.The mask itself incorporates a screaming facial expression which relates directly to the title and the fate of his victims. This particular image shows an early emotional encounter between the victim and killer early on in the trailer. With the close up shot being used to show how petrified and emotionally distraught the pure horror of the villains presence is presented, as this informs us of the villain`s sadisitic nature catching his victims off gaurd in a relentless fashion. The special effects also adds agony to this section of the trailer as the use of a computerized reflection is used to quickly present the villain and also indicates that the 2 may not be so indifferent emphasising the killer`s humanistic qualities. The fact that this film is set in a domestic home In America makes the films that little bit more realistic, a character trapped in their home surrounded by a killer who evidently knows precise details about them gives the audience the sense that somebody could equally be watching them at that very moment.
"Scream"
This scene further emphasises this as irony surrounds it as you would believe that you home I the safest place to be where danger is absent, when In fact in this case it’s the worst probable possible setting as the villain thrives in the homes of it victims as he or she plays mind games with the victim. In a medium close up the facial expression of the character as well as another domestic setting is shown as the surrounding area of the house is dark where as the house itself seems to glow proficiently to showcase its potential and significance. This use of lighting highlights the house as an important part of the film, as it draws attention to where most of the action will take place that is
overshadowed by the darkness outside where the killer may be lurking.
overshadowed by the darkness outside where the killer may be lurking.
"Scream".
The trailer throughout several points employs a series of warnings aimed directly at the viewer and indirectly at the characters in danger in the production. “Don’t try to hide”, and “don’t answer the phone” are key examples of this as it adds to the foreboding atmosphere created as it seems that the
killer is inescapable or can only do so by following a set of seemingly strict instructions. Here the colour pallet throughout both the villains appearance and posters is seen here in the white and black bold text that appears on screen throughout.
killer is inescapable or can only do so by following a set of seemingly strict instructions. Here the colour pallet throughout both the villains appearance and posters is seen here in the white and black bold text that appears on screen throughout.
"Scream".
Unlike horror trailers such as The Texas Chainsaw Massacre the main prop is not a weapon that is purely dedicated to the villain, instead the main prop is more common and domestic. By using a telephone, a lot of irony surrounds this prop as in terms of its domestic use in contemporary society the phone would be used to contact others such as the police service to assist you when in danger.
"Scream".
This film however turns that idea on its head as the telephone is a direct link between the killer and the unfortunate victim as when the phone rings usually the killer is not that far away. The use of the phone in terms of its place in the domestic horror further fuels the realistic element to the film due to its place in many homes around the world, further emphasising how similar collections of such horrific events can occur almost anywhere.
"Scream".
As the trailer concludes the trailer like many other in the industry concludes with its previously unseen production title. Its pure purpose is to be informative as an essential part for the conclusion of the trailer the title of the film should be relatively memorable to the viewer who will be likely
to research it further and anxiously await its arrival in cinema.
to research it further and anxiously await its arrival in cinema.
"Scream".
The conclusion also continues this essential informative information with revealing the director of the film. Viewers familiar with the director may instantly become more interested in the films success if they are a fan of his style in previous productions. Although viewers that are not drawn into his directing style may drift away due to feeling unattached to the film they are likely to dislike. To a viewer not aware of Wes Cravens style, their view upon the trailer and film may not be effected by this especially if the viewer is not a dedicated fan of the industry and is therefore oblivious to many directors and their past productions.
"Scream".
Finally the film concludes with the credited cast and production crew. This is further used to inform the viewer although like many current trailers they are often hard to distinguish and are often ignored as popular culture has seen them as unessential.
"Scream"- Sound.
The majority of audio within this Scream trailer is dedicated to dialogue. Specifically the voice over narration throughout the trailer that create
suspense in his description of the events that are occurring and the villain himself. Besides the narrator there is a lot dialogue from the characters themselves something common in many movie trailers that is essential for introducing the viewer to the character in a brief manor. On the other hand the more extensive and significant dialogue comes in the introduction to the killer with his voice being frequently heard through the phone. Although that other more modern horror trailers will use a lot more sound effects to emphasise the climax points of the films, where as this only uses one at the beginning rather than at the end.
suspense in his description of the events that are occurring and the villain himself. Besides the narrator there is a lot dialogue from the characters themselves something common in many movie trailers that is essential for introducing the viewer to the character in a brief manor. On the other hand the more extensive and significant dialogue comes in the introduction to the killer with his voice being frequently heard through the phone. Although that other more modern horror trailers will use a lot more sound effects to emphasise the climax points of the films, where as this only uses one at the beginning rather than at the end.
Example four- "Friday the 13th"
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7MiJzZ7FQX0&safe=active
•This version of Friday the 13th Is a remake of one of many originals as the plot revolves around a group of young teenagers who stumble across a closed of Camp Crystal Lake and are who soon hunted mercilessly by a masked killer.
•This version of Friday the 13th Is a remake of one of many originals as the plot revolves around a group of young teenagers who stumble across a closed of Camp Crystal Lake and are who soon hunted mercilessly by a masked killer.
"Friday the 13th".
In the first sequence of the trailer we are instantly introduced to the environment the production is centred around via a establishing shot. The reflection in the water of the sun set help contrast the significance between light and dark something that is seen a lot in the trailer and is essential as the darkness employed is where the killer appears and wreaks havoc. Although this long shot of what seems to be a mesmerising environment is not usually common in horror trailers as it usually intended for the scene to be seen as dark dull and unwelcoming.
"Friday the 13th".
The use of dark lighting is present within the next shot as the primarily shadowed scene is where the horror truly begins. The dark lighting surrounded with this nature dominated setting employs
a horror that is unavoidable due to the lack of shelter or safety the seen provides, as the many
trees can just as easily be hiding places for the killer as they are for the
victims.
a horror that is unavoidable due to the lack of shelter or safety the seen provides, as the many
trees can just as easily be hiding places for the killer as they are for the
victims.
"Friday the 13th".
The predominate use of darkness is seen again in the following three shots. The first is set at a low angle shot to limit the view and create a further fear of the unknown and what we are forbidden to see. The poor quality of the door and its rotting presence indicate to the viewer that is has been unused for some time and with good reason.
"Friday the 13th".
Following from this we are introduced to another light lacking scene as the only light source that manages to emerge is one that is clearly artificial and unnatural. With these scenes in particular we are introduced to what the viewer will assume to the main characters since other cast members and the villain in particular are absent.
"Friday the 13th".
At the midpoint of the trailer the viewer is informed of the films producer. Michael Bay is without doubt a well known figure in the film industry as his presence within this production can stand as a guarantee to some viewers that the film will be a success upon release date, especially due to his
past achievements that include Pearl Harbour and Transformers. Furthermore the trailer also informs the viewer that the director of “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre” will also make a contribution to Friday the 13th. Strangely the director is not even named and his role in the movie has to be assumed due to the lack of simple information that was present when introducing Michael Bay.
past achievements that include Pearl Harbour and Transformers. Furthermore the trailer also informs the viewer that the director of “The Texas Chainsaw Massacre” will also make a contribution to Friday the 13th. Strangely the director is not even named and his role in the movie has to be assumed due to the lack of simple information that was present when introducing Michael Bay.
"Friday the 13th".
To many viewers confusion a medium shot identifies an unusual prop unlikely to be found in any horror movie, a teddy bear. Often bearing the denotation of nothing more than a childhood toy, its inclusion in this trailer holds much dark connotations. Its unappealing appearance much like the door earlier on in the trailer the trailer indicate a sign of it being forgotten and that the time of
innocence is over as we can assume this was once the villains. It also bares connotations of a wrecked childhood something that may be a key factor in the narrative when the full film is released.
innocence is over as we can assume this was once the villains. It also bares connotations of a wrecked childhood something that may be a key factor in the narrative when the full film is released.
"Friday the 13th".
Despite a prolonged absence, the villain otherwise known as “Jason Voorhees” is presented in a daunting fashion. The viewer at this point finally gains some insight into the villain especially in terms of his costume design. A white hockey mask (something emphasised on the movie posters), and a ragged shirt and jacket all of which lead to connotations of Jason being a relic of the past,
someone forgotten but none the less still dangerous. The flickering unstable movement of the head lamp that reveals Jason's presence doesn’t seem genuine and instead supernatural due to his disappearance from the scene, however the following climatic scene contradicts this.
someone forgotten but none the less still dangerous. The flickering unstable movement of the head lamp that reveals Jason's presence doesn’t seem genuine and instead supernatural due to his disappearance from the scene, however the following climatic scene contradicts this.
"Friday the 13th".
At the climax of the trailer the genuine appearance of Jason accounts for the trailers cliff hanger ending. His swift dart across the scene with his famous prop (the machete) in hand, the screaming victim who's fate is in jeopardy is left on a cliff-hanger as the trailer reaches its conclusion.
"Friday the 13th".
As the trailer concludes the films production title is revealed over shadowed by the famous costume piece that conceals Jason's popularity, but yet ironically is his persona due to the lack of insight into his personality in previous productions. The highlighting of“13” emphasises the importance of this number especially in popular culture as it is a day of surrounded with a lack of luck and doomed events.
"Friday the 13th".
Like the previous 3 trailers that have been analysed the end of the trailer pays tribute to the contributors of the films creations, such as Steven Spielberg who had previously mentioned at mid point in the trailer. The film studios are also credited which in this case are New Line Cinema and Paramount Pictures.
"Friday the 13th"- Sound.
With a shroud voice over narration throughout the trailer, the sound is significantly toned down for a horror trailer. The
audio for the most part is filled with non diegetic noises that are alarming due to the quick switching of shots due to flashbacks that include nature based sounds such as the distant tweeting of a bird at the early stages of the trailer. Furthermore the climax of the trailer sees a far more alarming and sudden switch of tempo in terms of the climatic encounter between Jason and his victim at the end of the trailer.
audio for the most part is filled with non diegetic noises that are alarming due to the quick switching of shots due to flashbacks that include nature based sounds such as the distant tweeting of a bird at the early stages of the trailer. Furthermore the climax of the trailer sees a far more alarming and sudden switch of tempo in terms of the climatic encounter between Jason and his victim at the end of the trailer.